TP14.1: التخزين المؤقت باستخدام Redis

أهداف التمرين

• تكوين Redis مع Spring Boot
• تنفيذ التخزين المؤقت على API REST
• قياس التأثير على الأداء
• إدارة إبطال الذاكرة المؤقتة

المدة المقدرة: 1 ساعة

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الهندسة المعمارية

Client --> API --> Cache (Redis) --> Database
                      |
                      +--> Cache Hit: عودة فورية
                      |
                      +--> Cache Miss: استعلام قاعدة البيانات، تخزين النتيجة

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الجزء 1: التكوين (15 دقيقة)

1.1 بدء Redis باستخدام Docker

docker run -d --name redis -p 6379:6379 redis:7-alpine

1.2 تبعيات Maven

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-cache</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
        <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
        <scope>runtime</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

1.3 التكوين

# application.yml
spring:
  datasource:
    url: jdbc:h2:mem:testdb
    driver-class-name: org.h2.Driver
  jpa:
    hibernate:
      ddl-auto: create-drop
    show-sql: true
  
  data:
    redis:
      host: localhost
      port: 6379
  
  cache:
    type: redis
    redis:
      time-to-live: 300000  # 5 دقائق

1.4 تكوين Java

package com.example.cache.config;

import org.springframework.cache.annotation.EnableCaching;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.data.redis.cache.RedisCacheConfiguration;
import org.springframework.data.redis.cache.RedisCacheManager;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.RedisSerializationContext;

import java.time.Duration;

@Configuration
@EnableCaching
public class CacheConfig {
    
    @Bean
    public RedisCacheManager cacheManager(RedisConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
        RedisCacheConfiguration config = RedisCacheConfiguration.defaultCacheConfig()
            .entryTtl(Duration.ofMinutes(5))
            .serializeValuesWith(
                RedisSerializationContext.SerializationPair.fromSerializer(
                    new GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer()
                )
            )
            .disableCachingNullValues();
        
        return RedisCacheManager.builder(connectionFactory)
            .cacheDefaults(config)
            .build();
    }
}

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الجزء 2: الكيان والمستودع (10 دقائق)

2.1 كيان المنتج

package com.example.cache.model;

import jakarta.persistence.*;
import java.io.Serializable;

@Entity
@Table(name = "products")
public class Product implements Serializable {
    
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long id;
    
    private String name;
    private String description;
    private Double price;
    private Integer stock;
    
    public Product() {}
    
    public Product(String name, String description, Double price, Integer stock) {
        this.name = name;
        this.description = description;
        this.price = price;
        this.stock = stock;
    }
    
    // Getters et Setters
    public Long getId() { return id; }
    public void setId(Long id) { this.id = id; }
    
    public String getName() { return name; }
    public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; }
    
    public String getDescription() { return description; }
    public void setDescription(String description) { this.description = description; }
    
    public Double getPrice() { return price; }
    public void setPrice(Double price) { this.price = price; }
    
    public Integer getStock() { return stock; }
    public void setStock(Integer stock) { this.stock = stock; }
}

2.2 المستودع

package com.example.cache.repository;

import com.example.cache.model.Product;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;

import java.util.List;

public interface ProductRepository extends JpaRepository<Product, Long> {
    List<Product> findByNameContaining(String name);
}

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الجزء 3: الخدمة مع الذاكرة المؤقتة (20 دقيقة)

3.1 الخدمة

package com.example.cache.service;

import com.example.cache.model.Product;
import com.example.cache.repository.ProductRepository;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CacheEvict;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CachePut;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.Cacheable;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.List;

@Service
public class ProductService {
    
    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ProductService.class);
    
    private final ProductRepository productRepository;
    
    public ProductService(ProductRepository productRepository) {
        this.productRepository = productRepository;
    }
    
    @Cacheable(value = "products", key = "#id")
    public Product getProductById(Long id) {
        log.info("Fetching product {} from DATABASE", id);
        simulateSlowQuery();
        return productRepository.findById(id)
            .orElseThrow(() -> new RuntimeException("Product not found: " + id));
    }
    
    @Cacheable(value = "productList")
    public List<Product> getAllProducts() {
        log.info("Fetching ALL products from DATABASE");
        simulateSlowQuery();
        return productRepository.findAll();
    }
    
    @CachePut(value = "products", key = "#result.id")
    @CacheEvict(value = "productList", allEntries = true)
    public Product createProduct(Product product) {
        log.info("Creating product: {}", product.getName());
        return productRepository.save(product);
    }
    
    @CachePut(value = "products", key = "#id")
    @CacheEvict(value = "productList", allEntries = true)
    public Product updateProduct(Long id, Product productDetails) {
        log.info("Updating product: {}", id);
        Product product = productRepository.findById(id)
            .orElseThrow(() -> new RuntimeException("Product not found: " + id));
        
        product.setName(productDetails.getName());
        product.setDescription(productDetails.getDescription());
        product.setPrice(productDetails.getPrice());
        product.setStock(productDetails.getStock());
        
        return productRepository.save(product);
    }
    
    @CacheEvict(value = {"products", "productList"}, allEntries = true)
    public void deleteProduct(Long id) {
        log.info("Deleting product: {}", id);
        productRepository.deleteById(id);
    }
    
    @CacheEvict(value = {"products", "productList"}, allEntries = true)
    public void clearCache() {
        log.info("Cache cleared");
    }
    
    private void simulateSlowQuery() {
        try {
            Thread.sleep(1000); // محاكاة استعلام بطيء
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
        }
    }
}

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الجزء 4: وحدة التحكم (10 دقائق)

package com.example.cache.controller;

import com.example.cache.model.Product;
import com.example.cache.service.ProductService;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/products")
public class ProductController {
    
    private final ProductService productService;
    
    public ProductController(ProductService productService) {
        this.productService = productService;
    }
    
    @GetMapping
    public ResponseEntity<List<Product>> getAllProducts() {
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        List<Product> products = productService.getAllProducts();
        long duration = System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
        
        return ResponseEntity.ok()
            .header("X-Response-Time", duration + "ms")
            .body(products);
    }
    
    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public ResponseEntity<Product> getProductById(@PathVariable Long id) {
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        Product product = productService.getProductById(id);
        long duration = System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
        
        return ResponseEntity.ok()
            .header("X-Response-Time", duration + "ms")
            .body(product);
    }
    
    @PostMapping
    public ResponseEntity<Product> createProduct(@RequestBody Product product) {
        return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.CREATED)
            .body(productService.createProduct(product));
    }
    
    @PutMapping("/{id}")
    public ResponseEntity<Product> updateProduct(@PathVariable Long id, 
            @RequestBody Product product) {
        return ResponseEntity.ok(productService.updateProduct(id, product));
    }
    
    @DeleteMapping("/{id}")
    public ResponseEntity<Void> deleteProduct(@PathVariable Long id) {
        productService.deleteProduct(id);
        return ResponseEntity.noContent().build();
    }
    
    @PostMapping("/cache/clear")
    public ResponseEntity<Map<String, String>> clearCache() {
        productService.clearCache();
        return ResponseEntity.ok(Map.of("message", "تم مسح الذاكرة المؤقتة"));
    }
}

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الجزء 5: بيانات الاختبار (5 دقائق)

package com.example.cache;

import com.example.cache.model.Product;
import com.example.cache.repository.ProductRepository;
import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class DataInitializer implements CommandLineRunner {
    
    private final ProductRepository productRepository;
    
    public DataInitializer(ProductRepository productRepository) {
        this.productRepository = productRepository;
    }
    
    @Override
    public void run(String... args) {
        productRepository.save(new Product("Laptop", "High-performance laptop", 999.99, 50));
        productRepository.save(new Product("Phone", "Smartphone 5G", 699.99, 100));
        productRepository.save(new Product("Tablet", "10-inch tablet", 499.99, 75));
        productRepository.save(new Product("Headphones", "Wireless headphones", 199.99, 200));
        productRepository.save(new Product("Watch", "Smart watch", 299.99, 150));
    }
}

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الجزء 6: الاختبارات (15 دقيقة)

6.1 اختبار الذاكرة المؤقتة

# أول استدعاء (Cache Miss - ~1 ثانية)
curl -i http://localhost:8080/api/products/1
# X-Response-Time: 1002ms

# ثاني استدعاء (Cache Hit - ~5ms)
curl -i http://localhost:8080/api/products/1
# X-Response-Time: 5ms

# ثالث استدعاء (Cache Hit)
curl -i http://localhost:8080/api/products/1
# X-Response-Time: 3ms

6.2 سكريبت الاختبار

#!/bin/bash
echo "=== Test Cache Performance ==="

echo "First call (Cache Miss):"
time curl -s http://localhost:8080/api/products/1 > /dev/null

echo "Second call (Cache Hit):"
time curl -s http://localhost:8080/api/products/1 > /dev/null

echo "Third call (Cache Hit):"
time curl -s http://localhost:8080/api/products/1 > /dev/null

echo ""
echo "=== Clear Cache ==="
curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/api/products/cache/clear

echo ""
echo "After clear (Cache Miss):"
time curl -s http://localhost:8080/api/products/1 > /dev/null

6.3 التحقق من Redis

# الاتصال بـ Redis CLI
docker exec -it redis redis-cli

# قائمة المفاتيح
KEYS *

# عرض قيمة
GET "products::1"

# TTL لمفتاح
TTL "products::1"

# حذف الكل
FLUSHALL

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قائمة التحقق من التحقق

• Redis يعمل على المنفذ 6379
• أول استدعاء: ~1 ثانية (Cache Miss)
• ثاني استدعاء: ~5ms (Cache Hit)
• التحديث يبطل الذاكرة المؤقتة
• المفاتيح مرئية في Redis

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TP14.2: Messaging RabbitMQ

العودة إلى الوحدة 14