TP13.1: خادم يوريكا والعملاء

🎯 أهداف التمرين

• إنشاء خادم يوريكا (سجل الخدمة)
• إنشاء خدمتين تسجلان كـ عملاء يوريكا
• اختبار التوازن التحميلي بين عدة مثيلات
• مراقبة السلوك أثناء الأعطال

المدة المقدرة: 1 ساعة و30 دقيقة

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📋 البنية النهائية

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📁 هيكل المشاريع

microservices-demo/
├── eureka-server/
│   ├── pom.xml
│   └── src/main/...
├── user-service/
│   ├── pom.xml
│   └── src/main/...
└── product-service/
    ├── pom.xml
    └── src/main/...

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الجزء 1: خادم يوريكا (20 دقيقة)

1.1 إنشاء المشروع

استخدم Spring Initializr (https://start.spring.io) أو أنشئ يدويًا:

pom.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 
         https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>3.2.0</version>
    </parent>
    
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>eureka-server</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0</version>
    <name>eureka-server</name>
    
    <properties>
        <java.version>17</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>2023.0.0</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>
    
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
    
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

1.2 التطبيق الرئيسي

package com.example.eurekaserver;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class EurekaServerApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(EurekaServerApplication.class, args);
    }
}

1.3 التكوين

# src/main/resources/application.yml
server:
  port: 8761

spring:
  application:
    name: eureka-server

eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: localhost
  client:
    register-with-eureka: false
    fetch-registry: false
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
  server:
    enable-self-preservation: false
    eviction-interval-timer-in-ms: 5000

management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: "*"

1.4 اختبار

# بدء خادم يوريكا
cd eureka-server
mvn spring-boot:run

افتح: http://localhost:8761

يجب أن ترى لوحة معلومات يوريكا بدون أي خدمة مسجلة.

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الجزء 2: خدمة المستخدم (30 دقيقة)

2.1 إنشاء المشروع

pom.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 
         https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>3.2.0</version>
    </parent>
    
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>user-service</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0</version>
    
    <properties>
        <java.version>17</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>2023.0.0</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>
    
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
    
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

2.2 التطبيق الرئيسي

package com.example.userservice;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class UserServiceApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(UserServiceApplication.class, args);
    }
}

2.3 النموذج

package com.example.userservice.model;

public class User {
    private Long id;
    private String username;
    private String email;
    private String firstName;
    private String lastName;
    
    public User() {}
    
    public User(Long id, String username, String email, 
                String firstName, String lastName) {
        this.id = id;
        this.username = username;
        this.email = email;
        this.firstName = firstName;
        this.lastName = lastName;
    }
    
    // Getters et Setters
    public Long getId() { return id; }
    public void setId(Long id) { this.id = id; }
    
    public String getUsername() { return username; }
    public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; }
    
    public String getEmail() { return email; }
    public void setEmail(String email) { this.email = email; }
    
    public String getFirstName() { return firstName; }
    public void setFirstName(String firstName) { this.firstName = firstName; }
    
    public String getLastName() { return lastName; }
    public void setLastName(String lastName) { this.lastName = lastName; }
}

2.4 وحدة التحكم

package com.example.userservice.controller;

import com.example.userservice.model.User;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import jakarta.annotation.PostConstruct;
import java.util.*;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/users")
public class UserController {
    
    @Value("${server.port}")
    private String serverPort;
    
    private final Map<Long, User> users = new HashMap<>();
    
    @PostConstruct
    public void init() {
        users.put(1L, new User(1L, "john", "john@example.com", "John", "Doe"));
        users.put(2L, new User(2L, "jane", "jane@example.com", "Jane", "Smith"));
        users.put(3L, new User(3L, "bob", "bob@example.com", "Bob", "Wilson"));
    }
    
    @GetMapping
    public ResponseEntity<List<User>> getAllUsers() {
        return ResponseEntity.ok(new ArrayList<>(users.values()));
    }
    
    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public ResponseEntity<User> getUserById(@PathVariable Long id) {
        User user = users.get(id);
        if (user == null) {
            return ResponseEntity.notFound().build();
        }
        return ResponseEntity.ok(user);
    }
    
    @GetMapping("/{id}/exists")
    public ResponseEntity<Boolean> userExists(@PathVariable Long id) {
        return ResponseEntity.ok(users.containsKey(id));
    }
    
    // Endpoint pour identifier quelle instance répond
    @GetMapping("/info")
    public ResponseEntity<Map<String, String>> getInfo() {
        return ResponseEntity.ok(Map.of(
            "service", "user-service",
            "port", serverPort,
            "timestamp", new Date().toString()
        ));
    }
}

2.5 التكوين

# src/main/resources/application.yml
server:
  port: 8081

spring:
  application:
    name: user-service

eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
  instance:
    prefer-ip-address: true
    instance-id: ${spring.application.name}:${server.port}

management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: health,info

2.6 اختبار

# بدء خدمة المستخدم (المثيل 1)
cd user-service
mvn spring-boot:run

# تحقق في لوحة معلومات يوريكا
# http://localhost:8761 -> يجب أن يظهر USER-SERVICE

# اختبار النقاط النهائية
curl http://localhost:8081/api/users
curl http://localhost:8081/api/users/1
curl http://localhost:8081/api/users/info

2.7 تشغيل مثيل ثاني

# في نافذة طرفية أخرى
cd user-service
mvn spring-boot:run -Dspring-boot.run.arguments=--server.port=8082

تحقق في يوريكا: يجب أن يكون لـ USER-SERVICE مثيلان.

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الجزء 3: خدمة المنتج مع التوازن التحميلي (30 دقيقة)

3.1 إنشاء المشروع

pom.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 
         https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>3.2.0</version>
    </parent>
    
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>product-service</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0</version>
    
    <properties>
        <java.version>17</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>2023.0.0</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>
    
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-loadbalancer</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
    
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

3.2 تكوين RestTemplate مع التوازن التحميلي

package com.example.productservice.config;

import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@Configuration
public class RestTemplateConfig {
    
    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

3.3 DTO للمستخدم

package com.example.productservice.dto;

public class UserDto {
    private Long id;
    private String username;
    private String email;
    private String firstName;
    private String lastName;
    
    // Getters et Setters
    public Long getId() { return id; }
    public void setId(Long id) { this.id = id; }
    
    public String getUsername() { return username; }
    public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; }
    
    public String getEmail() { return email; }
    public void setEmail(String email) { this.email = email; }
    
    public String getFirstName() { return firstName; }
    public void setFirstName(String firstName) { this.firstName = firstName; }
    
    public String getLastName() { return lastName; }
    public void setLastName(String lastName) { this.lastName = lastName; }
}

3.4 خدمة لاستدعاء خدمة المستخدم

package com.example.productservice.service;

import com.example.productservice.dto.UserDto;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import java.util.Map;

@Service
public class UserServiceClient {
    
    private final RestTemplate restTemplate;
    
    public UserServiceClient(RestTemplate restTemplate) {
        this.restTemplate = restTemplate;
    }
    
    public UserDto getUserById(Long userId) {
        // Utilise le nom du service (pas l'URL!)
        String url = "http://user-service/api/users/" + userId;
        return restTemplate.getForObject(url, UserDto.class);
    }
    
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public Map<String, String> getUserServiceInfo() {
        String url = "http://user-service/api/users/info";
        return restTemplate.getForObject(url, Map.class);
    }
}

3.5 نموذج المنتج

package com.example.productservice.model;

public class Product {
    private Long id;
    private String name;
    private Double price;
    private Long ownerId;
    
    public Product() {}
    
    public Product(Long id, String name, Double price, Long ownerId) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.price = price;
        this.ownerId = ownerId;
    }
    
    // Getters et Setters
    public Long getId() { return id; }
    public void setId(Long id) { this.id = id; }
    
    public String getName() { return name; }
    public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; }
    
    public Double getPrice() { return price; }
    public void setPrice(Double price) { this.price = price; }
    
    public Long getOwnerId() { return ownerId; }
    public void setOwnerId(Long ownerId) { this.ownerId = ownerId; }
}

3.6 DTO ProductWithOwner

package com.example.productservice.dto;

import com.example.productservice.model.Product;

public class ProductWithOwner {
    private Product product;
    private UserDto owner;
    private String servedBy; // Pour voir quelle instance User Service a répondu
    
    public ProductWithOwner(Product product, UserDto owner, String servedBy) {
        this.product = product;
        this.owner = owner;
        this.servedBy = servedBy;
    }
    
    // Getters et Setters
    public Product getProduct() { return product; }
    public void setProduct(Product product) { this.product = product; }
    
    public UserDto getOwner() { return owner; }
    public void setOwner(UserDto owner) { this.owner = owner; }
    
    public String getServedBy() { return servedBy; }
    public void setServedBy(String servedBy) { this.servedBy = servedBy; }
}

3.7 وحدة التحكم

package com.example.productservice.controller;

import com.example.productservice.dto.ProductWithOwner;
import com.example.productservice.dto.UserDto;
import com.example.productservice.model.Product;
import com.example.productservice.service.UserServiceClient;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import jakarta.annotation.PostConstruct;
import java.util.*;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/products")
public class ProductController {
    
    private final UserServiceClient userServiceClient;
    private final Map<Long, Product> products = new HashMap<>();
    
    public ProductController(UserServiceClient userServiceClient) {
        this.userServiceClient = userServiceClient;
    }
    
    @PostConstruct
    public void init() {
        products.put(1L, new Product(1L, "Laptop", 999.99, 1L));
        products.put(2L, new Product(2L, "Phone", 699.99, 2L));
        products.put(3L, new Product(3L, "Tablet", 499.99, 1L));
    }
    
    @GetMapping
    public ResponseEntity<List<Product>> getAllProducts() {
        return ResponseEntity.ok(new ArrayList<>(products.values()));
    }
    
    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public ResponseEntity<Product> getProductById(@PathVariable Long id) {
        Product product = products.get(id);
        if (product == null) {
            return ResponseEntity.notFound().build();
        }
        return ResponseEntity.ok(product);
    }
    
    // Endpoint qui appelle User Service avec load balancing
    @GetMapping("/{id}/with-owner")
    public ResponseEntity<ProductWithOwner> getProductWithOwner(@PathVariable Long id) {
        Product product = products.get(id);
        if (product == null) {
            return ResponseEntity.notFound().build();
        }
        
        // Appel à User Service (load balanced!)
        UserDto owner = userServiceClient.getUserById(product.getOwnerId());
        
        // Voir quelle instance a répondu
        Map<String, String> serviceInfo = userServiceClient.getUserServiceInfo();
        
        return ResponseEntity.ok(new ProductWithOwner(
            product, 
            owner,
            "user-service:" + serviceInfo.get("port")
        ));
    }
    
    // Test load balancing - appelle User Service plusieurs fois
    @GetMapping("/test-load-balancing")
    public ResponseEntity<List<String>> testLoadBalancing() {
        List<String> responses = new ArrayList<>();
        
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            Map<String, String> info = userServiceClient.getUserServiceInfo();
            responses.add("Call " + (i+1) + ": Served by port " + info.get("port"));
        }
        
        return ResponseEntity.ok(responses);
    }
}

3.8 التكوين

# src/main/resources/application.yml
server:
  port: 8083

spring:
  application:
    name: product-service

eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
  instance:
    prefer-ip-address: true
    instance-id: ${spring.application.name}:${server.port}

3.9 اختبار التوازن التحميلي

# بدء خدمة المنتج
cd product-service
mvn spring-boot:run

# اختبار التوازن التحميلي
curl http://localhost:8083/api/products/test-load-balancing

النتيجة المتوقعة (Round Robin):

[
  "Call 1: Served by port 8081",
  "Call 2: Served by port 8082",
  "Call 3: Served by port 8081",
  "Call 4: Served by port 8082",
  "Call 5: Served by port 8081",
  "Call 6: Served by port 8082",
  "Call 7: Served by port 8081",
  "Call 8: Served by port 8082",
  "Call 9: Served by port 8081",
  "Call 10: Served by port 8082"
]

---

الجزء 4: اختبار المرونة (10 دقائق)

4.1 إيقاف مثيل

1. أوقف مثيل خدمة المستخدم على المنفذ 8082 (Ctrl+C)
2. انتظر 30 ثانية (وقت الإخلاء في يوريكا)
3. تحقق من لوحة معلومات يوريكا: يجب أن يبقى مثيل واحد فقط
4. أعد اختبار التوازن التحميلي:

curl http://localhost:8083/api/products/test-load-balancing

النتيجة المتوقعة:

[
  "Call 1: Served by port 8081",
  "Call 2: Served by port 8081",
  "Call 3: Served by port 8081",
  ...
]

4.2 إعادة تشغيل المثيل

cd user-service
mvn spring-boot:run -Dspring-boot.run.arguments=--server.port=8082

يستأنف التوازن التحميلي تلقائيًا على المثيلين!

---

✅ قائمة التحقق من التحقق

• خادم يوريكا يبدأ على http://localhost:8761
• خدمة المستخدم (المثيل 1) تسجل على المنفذ 8081
• خدمة المستخدم (المثيل 2) تسجل على المنفذ 8082
• خدمة المنتج تسجل على المنفذ 8083
• لوحة معلومات يوريكا تعرض 3 خدمات (USER-SERVICE x2, PRODUCT-SERVICE x1)
• التوازن التحميلي يعمل (تناوب 8081/8082)
• إيقاف مثيل → إعادة توجيه الحركة إلى الآخر
• إعادة التشغيل → يستأنف التوازن التحميلي

---

🎯 تمارين إضافية

تمرين 1: إضافة فحص صحة مخصص

@Component
public class UserServiceHealthIndicator implements HealthIndicator {
    
    @Override
    public Health health() {
        // Votre logique de vérification
        return Health.up()
            .withDetail("users", "All users healthy")
            .build();
    }
}

تمرين 2: إضافة بيانات وصفية ليوريكا

eureka:
  instance:
    metadata-map:
      version: "1.0.0"
      region: "us-east-1"

تمرين 3: تكوين مهلة مخصصة

@Bean
@LoadBalanced
public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
    HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory factory = 
        new HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory();
    factory.setConnectTimeout(3000);
    factory.setReadTimeout(5000);
    return new RestTemplate(factory);
}

---

📚 الموارد

• وثائق Spring Cloud Netflix
• ويكي يوريكا

---

التمرين التالي: خادم التكوين →

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